The Rohingya Smartphone Photographers

 

বাজেট স্মার্টফোনের ক্যামেরা বাংলাদেশের শরণার্থী শিবিরে আটকে পড়া অনেক রোহিঙ্গার জন্য তাদের নিজস্ব গল্প বলার একটি উপায় হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে, শিবিরে তাদের জীবনের ছবি ধারণ করে, যা পাঁচ বছর আগে মিয়ানমার ের সামরিক বাহিনী থেকে পালিয়ে আসার সময় বিশ্বের বৃহত্তম হয়ে ওঠে।

৩০ বছরের কম বয়সী এই ফটোগ্রাফাররা বাড়ি থেকে এত দূরে হারিয়ে যেতে পারে এমন সংস্কৃতি এবং ঐতিহ্যের একটি রেকর্ড তৈরি করছেন এবং বন্যা, দাবানল এবং সংকটের অন্যান্য ঘন ঘন মুহুর্তের সময় তাদের দক্ষতাকে তীক্ষ্ণ করেছেন।

তাদের ছবি আন্তর্জাতিক মিডিয়া এবং ফটোগ্রাফি প্রতিযোগিতায় প্রদর্শিত হয়েছে। ক্রমবর্ধমান সংখ্যক রোহিঙ্গা ফটোগ্রাফারদের একজন সাহাত জিয়া হিরো গত বছর রোহিঙ্গাটোগ্রাফি নামে তার নিজের কাজের একটি বই প্রকাশ করেছিলেন এবং এটি অনুসরণ করে রোহিঙ্গাটোগ্রাফার নামে একটি ম্যাগাজিন স্থাপনে সহায়তা করেছিলেন, যা শিবিরে তার সাথে দেখা হওয়া অন্যদের ছবি প্রকাশ করে।

A girl holds her brother as she looks out onto the camp that is now her home.

Rohingya return from aid collection points carrying heavy sacks of supplies.

A family recovering from dengue fever; Rohingya workers clearing litter to help maintain infrastructure and hygiene in the camp;

A lone banyan tree can be seen for miles. Most trees were cut down to make space for the camps in 2017.

A concrete drainage system designed to help channel away water during heavy rains.

A Rohingya man carries his mother to a camp clinic.

A group of Rohingya boys play in a waterway beside their shelters after rains.

The hardest languages in the world to learn

Mandarin

Mandarin is a tonal language, meaning the tone or pitch used when saying a word can change its meaning. For example, when speaking Mandarin, the tone you use when saying “ma” can determine whether you’re saying “mother” or “horse.” While anglophones do use tone in certain instances—such as to indicate when you’re asking a question—English is not a tonal language, making the adjustment to Mandarin challenging for many. But don’t give up just yet—Mandarin is an incredibly popular choice among those learning a second language, and if others can do it, so can you.

Hungarian

Hungarian is a Uralic language, making it distinct from many European tongues that are part of the Indo-European language family. This alone can make the language feel unfamiliar to English speakers, and that’s not even touching the complex pronunciations, accents and idioms one will surely stumble across in their journey to learn Hungarian.

Arabic

It’s the sixth-most spoken language in the world, but that doesn’t mean it’ll be a walk in the park for new learners. Arabic has a different alphabet, very different grammar rules and even a number of sounds that aren’t used in English. At the end of the day, it might not be the right choice for an easy hobby, but worth it for anyone looking for a rewarding challenge.

Finnish

Any language learner knows that it’s a journey that’s never Finnish-ed (pun very much intended). Of course, if the language you’re trying to pick up is Finnish, your journey may take you longer than anticipated. Like Hungarian, Finnish is a Uralic language, with a case system and rules around verb conjugation that may feel especially tricky for English speakers to master (good news for Estonians, however—you should have no problem picking up this fellow Uralic tongue).

Vietnamese

The good news for those interested in learning Vietnamese is that the vocabulary and grammar are known for being fairly straightforward and logical, with a number of loan words from English. Despite this advantage, a lot of anglophones will likely still struggle with the six tones of the Vietnamese language—for comparison, Mandarin has just four basic tones.

Danish

Many Scandinavian languages are known for being easy fodder for English-speaking language learners, thanks in large part to their Germanic roots. Danish is a notable exception to this rule, largely because of a difficult set of pronunciation rules and the fact that how Danish words are spelled and pronounced is… different, to say the least.

Japanese

One of the difficulties English speakers are likely to face when learning Japanese is the phonetics. There are sounds that exist in Japanese that simply aren’t used in English, as well as differences in how certain letters, such as R, are pronounced. While you’re likely to get tripped up at first, remember that language learning is worth it for your brain—literally, picking up a second language improves your brain function.

Serbian

As with many languages listed here, taking up Serbian will mean learning a new alphabet and adjusting to a slew of grammar rules that might seem positively upside down for an English speaker. Once you can overcome the complex and at times confusing rules of Serbian grammar, however, many language learners find it easier in comparison to other languages on this list, such as Arabic and Japanese.

Thai

About 38 million people worldwide are already speaking Thai, so it must not be too challenging, right? Well, for an English speaker, learning Thai may be easier said than done. Despite having a mostly monosyllabic vocabulary and a healthy number of loan words from English, there are also a number of linguistic differences that can easily trip you up. The Thai language also includes many more pronouns than English, to signify anything from gender to formality to the age difference between you and the person you’re speaking about.

Icelandic

Icelandic and English may both fall into the Indo-European language family, but the two share surprisingly few loan words. One of the biggest draws of learning Icelandic is the fact that it’s believed to be the closest active language to Old Norse, the now-extinct tongue that strongly influenced many existing Scandinavian languages. While this makes for an interesting historical motive to learn the language, it also means that Icelandic has remained preserved and without a lot of overlap with other languages, creating a worthy challenge for language learners.

Quantum Battery Break through Paves Way For Instant Recharging

 

Researchers have made significant progress towards creating a new type of battery charging technology, which could hold the potential to revolutionise energy storage.

Quantum batteries use the same bizarre properties of quantum mechanics that make next-generation quantum computers possible, though instead of vastly increasing the processing power of computers they could enable instant recharging.

A team comprised of scientists from the Institute of Basic Science in Korea and the University of Insubria in Italy made the breakthrough towards realising this technology by making use of a quantum mechanical system known as the micromaser.

It uses an electromagnetic field to store energy charged through a stream of qubits, while simultaneously protecting against the risk of overcharging.

The researchers described a micromaser as “an excellent model of quantum battery”, and successfully demonstrated that the charging process is faster than classical charging.

The South Korean researchers have already calculated that quantum battery technology could reduce the home charging times of electric cars from 10 hours to just three minutes, while supercharger stations could fully recharge a vehicle in just 90 seconds.

In a study published earlier this year, the scientists noted how a quantum battery’s charging time actually decreases as the battery’s size gets bigger.

This is due to a phenomenon known as quantum speedup, which relates to the way the molecules become more entangled as the battery gets bigger.

This allows them to charge collectively as a whole, rather than charge in parallel in the way that classical batteries do.

A fully functioning quantum battery prototype is still a way off, though a proof-of-concept device to charge quantum batteries with lasers has already been demonstrated.

If successful, scientists hope a new era of ultra-efficient batteries will arrive, transforming the way we use everything from smartphones to electric cars.

All the stadiums of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022

 
Al Bayt Stadium. Capacity: 40,000, Al Khor City, 35km north of Doha

Lusail Stadium. Capacity: 80,000. Lusail City, 15km north ofDoha.

Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium. Capacity: 40,000. Al Rayyan, 20km west of Doha.

Al Janoub Stadium. Capacity: 40,000. Al Wakrah, 22km east of Doha.

Thumama Stadium. Capacity: 40,000. Al Thumama, 12km south of Doha.

Education City Stadium. Capacity: 40,000. Al Rayyan, 13km northwest of Doha.

Khalifa International Stadium. Capacity: 40,000. Al Rayyan, 5km west of Doha.

Stadium 974. Capacity: 40,000. Ras Bu Abboud, 10km east of Doha.

Bangladesh will not face a situation like Sri Lanka, PM Hasina says

 

Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has said her country will not face a situation like the economic crisis in Sri Lanka although her government has sought loans from global agencies amid a fall in its reserves and surging import costs.

In an interview with Reuters partner ANI, aired ahead of her visit to India on Monday, Hasina said that Bangladesh's economy remained strong despite the impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war.

Bangladesh's $416 billion economy has been one of the fastest-growing in the world for years but dwindling foreign exchange reserves due to inflated import bills have prompted the government to seek loans from global agencies, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

"Bangladesh has always timely (in paying) our debt; our debt rate is very low in the context of Sri Lanka," Hasina said. "Some people have raised this issue that Bangladesh will be Sri Lanka, but I can ensure that that will not happen."

Sri Lanka reached a preliminary agreement with the IMF on Thursday for a loan of about $2.9 billion, after the country plunged into a crisis due to economic mismanagement and the COVID-19 pandemic wiped out its key tourism industry.

During her four-day visit to India, Hasina will meet her Indian counterpart and other leaders.

A million Rohingya reside in Bangladesh — few feel at home

 

Five years on from the biggest mass exodus of Rohingya to Bangladesh, people in the camps say there is no end in sight. Human rights groups want global actors to mark the anniversary with a coordinated strategy.Five years after the latest and biggest mass exodus of Rohingya to Bangladesh, people in the camps say that the limbo they are living in is never ending. They don't see much hope to get their normal lives back.

More than 1 million Rohingya currently reside in Bangladesh, but few people would call it home.

On a recent day, Hasina Begum asked her father to bring water from the community well because her husband was currently away from the refugee camp. This 23-year-old woman can't do it herself because of her physical inability, that she is trying to conceal with her yellow dupatta -- a shawl traditionally worn by women to cover the head and shoulders.

When asked the reason for her disability, Begum told DW with tears the story of a day five years back.

"They (Myanmar military) hit me with a rod,"Begum said. I was drenched with blood, and they thought I was dead. So they left me there."

Five years later, she still has pain in her head and feet.

Begum was a victim of a brutal clampdown by Myanmar's military in 2017. The Myanmar military began a sweeping campaign of massacres, rape, and arson in northern Rakhine State on August 25, 2017, following attacks on the border posts by some Rohingya militants.

The campaign killed thousands of Rohingya, according to many international organizations, including Doctors Without Borders. At the time of the exodus, the United Nations say more than 745,000 people fled to neighboring Bangladesh. That figure now stands at over a million. Begum and her family now live in a refugee camp.

Begum lives with her husband and child in a tiny two-room house in the Balukhali camp in Cox's Bazaar, the largest refugee camp in the world, hosting about 600,000 refugees, according to figures from a number of human rights bodies, such as the Refugee Council USA.

"My husband has no work," Begum said. He goes to Tabligh (a religious group)" for food and other aid.

Most of the people are unemployed, including Begum's 44-year-old father, Enayetullah. He returns with a pot of water.

"We had huge farmlands," Enayetullah said. I used to cultivate them. We had cattle, a house and a lot of possessions. We left them all behind."

Enayetullah said he did not think of his possessions when he fled Myanmar. But now after five years, he misses his home, and his lands.

Seeking work, without prospects

Many people in the camps want to work and rebuild their lives.

"We can't go out of the camps. Sometimes we get a call to work. But that is rare," says 33-year-old Mohammad Shafi.

The Rohingya are also struggling with limited education opportunities.

Mohammad Riaz is a 10th-grade student. This will be his last year of education inside the camps.

"After this year I will have no opportunity to study further, but I want higher education," Riaz told DW.

Searching for more opportunities, many Rohingya try to flee the camps to and leave Bangladesh.

Elaine Pearson, the acting Asia director at Human Rights Watch, released a statement on the eve of the anniversary of the 2017 exodus, saying: "Donors should support Rohingya refugees to study and work freely and safely so they can build independent and self-reliant futures."

UN Human Rights Commissioner Michelle Bachelet recently visited the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, with community representatives telling her that they want to build a better life.

"One day I want to go home, but I don't know when I can," Enayetullah said.

The life of the Rohingya remains in limbo within the camps, with no end in sight to their current plight.

"When I remember my homeland, my heart burns. I want to go back," Tasmida Begum told DW. "But only if they give us peace -- and give our possessions back."

Tasmida Begum is afraid that the military might attack again if she goes back. She lost a brother and a brother-in-law in 2017.

Aung Kyaw Moe, an adviser to the National Unity Government of Myanmar, run by the Suu Kyi led NLD party, told DW that repatriation has not been possible because of a lack of interest from Myanmar's government.

"It is not happening because of the lack of political will from the Myanmar side," Moe said. He is the first Rohingya to hold a position in Myanmar's government. "They don't want them to go back."

Repatriation talks are underway among Myanmar, Bangladesh and different UN bodies. A joint task force is in place to finalize the list of Rohingya people to be repatriated.

"We have already given them a list of 830,000 Rohingya. They have accepted that," Shamsud Douza, an additional commissioner at the Refugee Relief and Repatriation Commissioner's Office, told DW. "We are providing them with humanitarian aid, but at some point they have to leave."

Bangladesh anticipates sending the Rohingya people back to Myanmar. On Sunday, Foreign Minister Masud Bin Momen told the press that repatriations could begin by the end of 2022.

"We are hopeful we can start the repatriation by the end of the year. We are trying to do it for our own interest because they are becoming a burden for us," he said.

After two prior repatriation attempts failed, Moe said the list might just be a method of delaying the process. "Myanmar has the list. They know very well who have fled," he told DW. "If they really want to initiate the repatriation process they would have given a list to Bangladesh, find them and send them back."

Five years on, nobody has been held accountable for the brutality that happened in Myanmar. Gambia has launched a genocide case about the issue before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The case is being heard. The Myanmar government had filed an appeal, but this has since been rejected.

Rights organizations demand that the UN Security Council end its current inaction and urgently negotiate a resolution to institute a global arms embargo on Myanmar. Human Rights Watch said the Security Council should refer the situation to the International Criminal Court and impose targeted sanctions on the junta and military-owned conglomerates.

But a UN action on this scale might be vetoed by China and Russia.

"China has always been a problem for the Rohingya,"Moe said. We have to find an innovative way to deal with the blockages created by China and Russia particularly in the Security Council and other UN bodies."

Hasina Begum said she had no idea what justice would look like. To her, getting back to a normal life is a long way off, with the mental and physical wounds leaving more than just the visible scars on her body.

"I don't know what will happen next,"she said. I don't see a future here or anywhere."

বাংলাদেশে আরও দুটি গ্যাস ক্ষেত্রের অনুসন্ধান শুরু হবে এই বছরের মধ্যেই

 বাংলাদেশে নিযুক্ত রুশ রাষ্টদূত আলেকজান্ডার মান্টিস্কি বলেছেন, এ বছর আরও দুটি কূপ অনুসন্ধান শুরু হবে বলে আশা করা হচ্ছে। তিনি বলেন, "আশা করি, এই উদ্যোগ বাংলাদেশের নিজস্ব খনিজ সম্পদ অনুসন্ধান এবং দেশের জ্বালানি নিরাপত্তা সুসংহত করতে অবদান রাখবে।

রুশ দূতাবাস বুধবার 'ইউক্রেনের বিশেষ সামরিক অভিযানের (এসএমও) এর ফলাফল ও দৃষ্টিকোণ এবং অর্থনৈতিক সংকটের প্রেক্ষাপটে রাশিয়া-বাংলাদেশ সম্পর্ক' শীর্ষক একটি গোলটেবিল বৈঠকের আয়োজন করে।

উক্ত বৈঠকে রাষ্ট্রদূত বলেন, রাশিয়ার অপরিশোধিত ও পরিশোধিত তেল সরবরাহের পাশাপাশি স্থানীয় বিদ্যুত অবকাঠামোর আধুনিকীকরণের বিষয়সহ আরও বেশ কয়েকটি উদ্যোগ আন্তঃসরকারি ও ব্যবসা-বাণিজ্য পর্যায়ে আলোচনা করা হচ্ছে।

তিনি বলেন, তাদের অর্থনৈতিক সম্পর্ক জ্বালানি খাত দ্বারা সীমাবদ্ধ নয়। তিনি বলেন, 'বড় ধরনের লজিস্টিক প্রতিবন্ধকতা দূর করা হচ্ছে, মস্কো ও ঢাকার মধ্যে সরাসরি ক্রয় পদ্ধতির মাধ্যমে জি-টু-জি ভিত্তিতে গম ক্রয় পুনরায় শুরু করার জন্য আলোচনা চলছে।

রাষ্ট্রদূত বলেন, প্রাথমিক পর্যায়ে দুই-তিন লাখ টন রুশ শস্য সরবরাহের সম্ভাবনা বিস্তারিতভাবে তুলে ধরা হবে।

রাশিয়ার পক্ষ থেকে পূর্বে স্বাক্ষরিত চুক্তি অনুযায়ী পটাশ সার সরবরাহের জন্যও প্রস্তুত রয়েছে, কারণ আমেরিকান নিষেধাজ্ঞাগুলি অ-জৈব সার এবং অন্যান্য প্রয়োজনীয় খাদ্য পণ্যগুলিকে আচ্ছাদিত করে না। এছাড়া বাংলাদেশের ওষুধ ও কৃষিপণ্য সংগ্রহে রাশিয়ার আগ্রহ বাড়ছে।

চলতি বছরের ২ ফেব্রুয়ারি জেএসসি গ্লাভকসমস এবং বাংলাদেশ স্যাটেলাইট কোম্পানি লিমিটেড বাংলাদেশে রুশ মহাকাশ শিল্পের পণ্য ও সেবা প্রচারের ক্ষেত্রে 'বঙ্গবন্ধু-২' আর্থ অবজারভেশন স্যাটেলাইট সিস্টেম  যাবতীয় সহযোগিতার স্মারক স্বাক্ষর করে।

রাষ্ট্রদূত বলেন, বৈশ্বিক রাজনৈতিক ও অর্থনৈতিক পরিস্থিতির কারণে সম্ভাব্য সাময়িক কষ্টের  কারণে উভয় পক্ষই এই উদ্যোগ নিয়ে এগিয়ে যেতে ইচ্ছুক।

তিনি প্রধানমন্ত্রী শেখ হাসিনার নেতৃত্বাধীন বাংলাদেশ সরকারের প্রতি আন্তরিক কৃতজ্ঞতা প্রকাশ করেন, "অভূতপূর্ব, অযৌক্তিক বাহ্যিক চাপ" সত্ত্বেও যৌথ প্রকল্পের বাস্তবায়ন অব্যাহত রাখতে অবিচ্ছিন্নভাবে প্রতিশ্রুতিবদ্ধ।

এখন রাশিয়া ও বাংলাদেশ যখন তাদের কূটনৈতিক সম্পর্কের ৫০তম বার্ষিকী উদযাপন করছে, তখন এ ধরনের দৃঢ় প্রতিজ্ঞ ও গঠনমূলক মনোভাব আবারও প্রমাণ করে যে, দুই দেশের মধ্যে বন্ধুত্বের সময় পরীক্ষিত বন্ধনের শক্তি ও দৃঢ়তা রয়েছে।

রাষ্ট্রদূত বলেন, বৈশ্বিক খাদ্য, জ্বালানি ও আর্থিক বাজারের স্থিতিশীলতা কেবল পরিবহন ও লজিস্টিক উত্তেজনা হ্রাস, বাধাহীন সরবরাহ নিশ্চিত করার মাধ্যমেই পুনরুদ্ধার করা যেতে পারে।

"এটি অর্জনের একমাত্র উপায় রয়েছে: পশ্চিমা দেশগুলির দ্বারা আরোপিত সমস্ত একতরফা দমনমূলক পদক্ষেপের প্রকৃত বিলোপ," তিনি বলেন।

পশ্চিমা নিষেধাজ্ঞা দ্বারা প্রভাবিত না হওয়া অন্যান্য রাশিয়ান ব্যাংকগুলির মাধ্যমে দ্বিপক্ষীয় বাণিজ্য অপারেশনগুলি সফলভাবে পরিচালিত হচ্ছে।

তাছাড়া, রাশিয়ান ফেডারেশনের কেন্দ্রীয় ব্যাংক এবং বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক সংবাদদাতা অ্যাকাউন্ট খোলার উপায় নিয়ে আলোচনা করে ঘনিষ্ঠ যোগাযোগ রাখছেন বলে মন্তব্য করেন রাষ্ট্রদূত।

তিনি বলেন, ওয়াশিংটন ও তার মিত্রদের চক্রান্ত জ্বালানি খাতে আমাদের ফলপ্রসূ সহযোগিতাকে ভেঙে দেয়নি। রূপপুর এনপিপির নির্মাণ কাজ বিনা বাধায় এবং সময়সূচী অনুযায়ী করা হচ্ছে, বলেন রাষ্ট্রদূত।

Bangladesh Cuts School And Work Hours To Save Power

 

Bangladesh will close schools for one more day each week and reduce office hours to ease an electricity shortage, a government official says.

Last month, the South Asian nation started daily two-hour power cuts.

Protesters have taken to the streets in recent weeks after the government raised petrol prices by more than 50%.

The war in Ukraine has driven up the cost of importing fuel and taken a toll on Bangladesh's economy and foreign currency reserves.

• Fear in Bangladesh after huge fuel price rise
• Sri Lanka crisis is a warning to other Asian nations

On Monday, Bangladesh Cabinet Secretary Khandker Anwarul Islam said that schools - which were previously closed on Fridays - would now also be shut on Saturdays.

Meanwhile, government offices and banks will have their opening hours cut to seven hours a day, instead of eight hours. However, private offices will be allowed to set their own operating hours, Mr Islam said.

He added that the government would continue to provide power to villages, including in the early hours of the morning when crops are irrigated.

Many parts of Bangladesh are known to go without electricity for more than two hours a day.

The country generates most of its electricity from natural gas, some of which it imports.

Officials have shut down all of the country's diesel-driven power plants, which account for around 6% of Bangladesh's electricity generation, because of the rising cost of fuel imports.

Earlier this month, petrol prices were raised by more than 50%, with the cost of the fuel rising from 86 taka a litre (90 US cents, 76p) to 130 taka.

At the same time the price of diesel and kerosene went up by more than 40%.

In July, Bangladesh became the third South Asian nation to seek a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), after Sri Lanka and Pakistan.

While the size of the potential loan has not yet been decided, talks are expected to begin after the World Bank and IMF Spring meetings in October.

Bangladesh's foreign currency reserves have dwindled to around $40bn (£34bn) or four and a half months of typical government spending.

In recent years, the $416bn economy has been lauded as one of the fastest-growing in the world.

Ready 24 hours A Day - Taiwan Showcases Anti-Aircraft Mettle

A F-16V lands at the air base in Hualien

Taiwan's air force showcased its anti-aircraft capabilities on Thursday, saying they were ready for action 24 hours a day as the democratically governed island faces sustained pressure from Chinese military drills.

China, which claims Taiwan as its territory, has been carrying out exercises around the island after a visit this month by U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who was followed by five U.S. lawmakers on Sunday and Monday.

Pelosi's visit infuriated China, which responded with test launches of ballistic missiles over Taipei for the first time, and sent warships and fighter jets close to Taiwan.

On a government-organised trip for media to Taiwan's key east coast air base in Hualien, the Air Force showed off its anti-aircraft systems, including the domestically developed Sky Bow III surface-to-air missiles.

Also on display was the Oerlikon GDF-006 35mm anti-aircraft gun, which officers demonstrated how to set up and how it was aimed at incoming aircraft.

Air defense crews said the increased tensions, including the recent Chinese drills, did not faze them.

"We were not nervous at all at that time, as our regular training is prepared for all-day, 24-hour missile operations," said air defense officer Chen Te-huan. "When the Chinese military acted, we were already well prepared."

Although Taiwan's air force has been at the front lines of responding to China's drills, including regularly scrambling aircraft to see off Chinese fighters that get close to the island, the government has stressed its "calm response", and there have been no clashes.

China has never renounced the use of force to bring Taiwan under its control.

Taiwan's government says that because the People's Republic of China has never ruled the island, it has no right to claim it or decide its future, which can only be set by Taiwan's people.

Building Vocabulary & Official Terminologies

Building Vocabulary & Official Terminologies

Session Outlines

• Usefulness of Vocabulary
• Prefix
• Suffix
• Synonyms
• Antonyms
• Idioms
• Phrasal Verbs
• One Word Substitution
• Semantic Map
• Official Terminologies

Usefulness of Vocabulary

• Enhance the ability to communicate effectively. It plays a key role in English language learning because one cannot express one’s thoughts without using words.

• Cause better understanding

• Make us more informed and involved

• Help us in good and flowery writing

Prefix

Ab+normal=Abnormal

Anti+biotic=Antibiotic

Auto+biography=Autobiography

Co+worker=Coworker

De+activate=Deactivate

Dis+ advantage= Disadvantage

En+joy=Enjoy

Il+legal=Illegal

Im+possible= Impossible

In+justice=Injustice

Ir+regular=Irregular

Micro+scope=Microscope

Mono+logue=Monologue

Non+fiction= Nonfiction

Un+kind=unkind

Up+grade=Upgrade

Suffix

Privacy=Priv+acy

Refusal=Refu+sal

Maintenance=Mainten+ance

Kingdom= King+dom

Trainer=Train+er

Administrator=Administrat+or

Communism=Communi+sm

Chemist=Chem+ist

Serenity=Seren+ity

Punishment=Punish+ment

Happiness=Happi+ness

Fellowship=Fellow+ship

Conclusion=Conclu+sion

Rectify=Recti+fy

Presentable=Present+able

Emotional=Emotion+al

Doubtful=Doubt+ful

Studious=Studi+ous

Childish=Child+ish

Creative=Creat+ive

Endless=End+less

Synonyms

Noun-happiness, enjoyment, Love, fondness, affection

Verb-buy, purchase, begins, start, commence

Adjective- big, large, little, small, tiny

Adverb-quickly, speedily, continuously, uninterruptedly

Preposition-on, upon, under, below

Antonyms

• Fat-skinny
• Young-old
• Pass-fail
• Doctor-patient
• Above –below
• Dark-light
• Fortunate-unfortunate
• Able-unable
• Warm-cool
• Early-late
• Agree-disagree
• Decent -indecent

Idioms

• A cook and bull story-unbelievable story
• Miss the boat- missing a chance
• Cats and dogs –heavily
• Kick the bucket- die
• Bag and baggage-With all belongings
• Crocodile tears-pretended cry
• Red letter day- a memorable day
• Ups and down-rise and fall
• Nip in the bud-destroy in the initial

Phrasal Verbs

• Put up with-tolerate
• Look down upon-ignore
• Put on-wear
• Get up-get up from bed
• Grow up-become adult
• Log in-sign in
• Look after-take care of
• Look into-investigate
• Pass away-die
• Pay for-be punished for doing anything
• Take off-start to fly
• Turn on-switch on
• Turn off-switch off
• Worked out –be successful

One Word Substitution

• One who looks at the brighter side of things-Optimist
• One who loves mankind- Philanthropist
• One who is present everywhere-Omnipresent
• One who sees everything-Omniscient
• One who is all powerful-Omnipotent
• One who believes in God- Theist
• Celebration of a hundred years- Centenary
• A person delivers without any prior preparation-Extempore
• A letter, poem etc. whose author is unknown-anonymous
• A person who loves himself/herself the most-Narcissist
• The one who settles in another country-Immigrant

Official Terminologies

AC Payee only-কেবল প্রাপকের হিসাবে

Abandoned property- পরিত্যক্ত সম্পত্তি

Abeyance- স্হিতাবস্হা 

Abrogation-রদ বা বাতিল

Absent without leave-বিনা ছুটিতে অনুপস্হিত

Absentee list- অনুপস্হিতি তালিকা

Absorption- আত্তীকরণ

Abstract- সারসংক্ষেপ

Academic-শিক্ষা সংক্রান্ত

Academic qualification- শিক্ষাগত যোগ্যতা

Acceptance letter- সম্মতিপত্র

Accommodation board- আবাসন বোর্ড

Account-হিসাব

Account book-হিসাববই

Account code- হিসাবকোড

Account number হিসাব-নম্বর

Accounts officer-হিসাবরক্ষণ কর্মকর্তা

Accretion-সংযোজন

Accrued interests-সঞ্চিত সুদ

Accumulated dividend-সঞ্চিত লভ্যাংশ

Accused-আসামী

Accuser-বাদী

Acknowledgement-প্রাপ্তিস্বীকার

Acknowledgement receipt-প্রাপ্তিস্বীকার রশিদ

Acquisition-অধিগ্রহণ

Act-আইন

Acting-ভারপ্রাপ্ত

Acting president-ভারপ্রাপ্ত সভাপতি

Ad hoc-অনানুষ্ঠানিক

Ad hoc appointment-অস্হায়ী নিয়োগ

Ad hoc committee-আ্যডহোক কমিটি

Ad interim-অন্তবর্তীকালীন

Addendum-সংযোজনী

Address of welcome- স্বাগতভাষণ

Addressee-প্রাপক

Adjournment-মুলতবি

Administrative tribunal- প্রশাসনিক ট্রাইবুন্যাল

Adult franchise-প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক ভোটাধিকার

Advanced copy-অগ্রিম অনুলিপি

Advanced salary-অগ্রিম বেতন

Adverse remark-বিরূপ মন্তব্য

Advisory board-উপদেষ্টা বোর্ড

Advisory Council-উপদেষ্টা পরিষদ

Affidavit-হলফনাম

Affirmation-ঘোষণা

Age of retirement-অবসরের বয়স

Agency-সংস্হা

Agenda-আলোচ্যসূচি

Agent-প্রতিনিধি

Agricultural census-কৃষিশুমারি

Agricultural credit-কৃষিঋণ

Alias-ডা্‌কনাম

Alimony-স্ত্রীর খোরপোশ

Allocation of business-কার্যবন্টন

Allowance-ভাতা

Alteration of pay-বেতন পরিবর্তন

Amendment-সংশোধনী

Annex-পরিশষ্ট

Annotation-টিকা

Annual budget statement-বার্ষিক বাজেট বিবরণ

Annual confidential report-বার্ষিক গোপনীয় অনুবেদন

Annual financial statement-বার্ষিক আর্থিক বিবরণ

Annual increment-বার্ষিক বেতনবৃদ্ধি

Annuity-বার্ষিক আয়

Antedated seniority-ভূতাপেক্ষ জ্যেষ্ঠতা

Appellate authority-আপীল কর্তৃপক্ষ

Appended-সংযুক্ত

Appendix-পরিশিষ্ট

Apprentice-শিক্ষানবিশ

Appropriation of money-অর্থ আদায়

Approver-রাজসাক্ষী

Arbitration-সালিশ নিষ্পত্তি

Armoury-অস্ত্রাগার

Arrear-বকেয়া

Arrear demand-বকেয়া দাবি

Assessment year-কর বৎসর

Attached department- সংযুক্ত অধিদপ্তর

Attendance register-হাজির বই

Attestation-সত্যায়ন

Attested copy-সত্যায়িত অনুলিপি

Auction-নিলাম

Audit objection-নিরীক্ষা আপত্তি

Authenticated-প্রমাণীকরণ

Authorization letter-কর্তৃত্ব-প্রদান পত্র

Autonomous body-স্বায়ত্বশাসিত সংস্হা

Award of benefit-সুবিধা প্রদান

Award of compensation-ক্ষতিপূরণ

Bail bond-জামিনপত্র

Balance sheet-স্হিতিপত্র

Balance of accounts-হিসাবের জের

Ballot paper-ভোটপত্র

Basic pay-মূল বেতন

Bearer-cheque-বাহক-চেক